Блін, хотів заперечити щодо безпечності аденовекторів, але почитав вєсєлуху про аденовіруси.. якщо це перемножити на те, що вакцинаторсвом зараз займаються сатаністи, то хрін йо зна. Може щось і мутять з тима аденовірусами також.
History of Disease
In the 1950s, multiple researchers1, 2 identified new viruses as the cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD), pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonitis. Soon afterward, these viruses were recognized to be a related group of viruses and given their present name: adenoviruses.3
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Why the Disease Is Important
The adenoviruses are often the cause of respiratory illness among U.S. military trainees4, 5 and children.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 In the 1960s, adenoviruses were recognized to infect as many as 80% of trainees, with 20% requiring hospitalization.5 Median attack rates for trainees ranged from 6 to 16.7/100 per month at the most affected northern and Midwestern U.S. military bases, and from 2.3 to 2.6/100 per month for posts in the South and West.14 Up to 40% of the trainees in a unit were lost to illness within a 2-week period, and many who were hospitalized had to restart training.15 Adenoviruses were also recognized to cause as much as 15% of instances of gastroenteritis in infants and children, and up to 10% of instances of pneumonia among hospitalized children.16, 17, 18 Adenovirus morbidity can be severe and lead to death, especially in young children, transplantation recipients, and other immunocompromised patients.
The search for vaccines against adenoviruses was driven by adenovirus morbidity among military trainees, their disruption to military training, and their medical care costs.15 In 1971, after a series of misstarts, military recruits began routinely receiving live oral enteric-coated vaccines for adenovirus types 4 and 7 (Ad4 and Ad7), which were safe and effective.19 With few exceptions, adenovirus morbidity was markedly controlled. However, in 1996, the sole manufacturer of these vaccines ceased production. As vaccine stores were depleted, U.S. military trainees again experienced large outbreaks of adenovirus disease, with some deaths reminding public health officials of the impact of adenoviruses.20, 21, 22 In one comprehensive 2006 study, Russell and colleagues documented 98% Ad4 attack rates among 180 susceptible military recruits during 4 weeks of training.23 The importance of these pathogens has been further emphasized through the recent emergence of multiple novel Ad3, Ad7, and Ad14 strains and the subsequent epidemics and deaths they caused.24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29
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Background
Clinical Description
Human adenoviruses have been classically grouped into seven species (A through G) containing as many as 68 unique types (Ad1 through Ad68) and multiple more genotypes often determined by restriction enzyme digests (Ad7a, Ad7d2, etc). However, the nomenclature and classification system is undergoing change. In 2013, the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses added a genus prefix (eg, human adenovirus A has become human mastadenovirus A).30 A number of investigators have additionally argued that it is time to move away from neutralization and hemagglutination assays in determining serotype and to chiefly use a genetic classification approach.31 Such virologists have used large DNA sequence comparisons to describe as many as 68 novel adenovirus types,32, 33 although this approach has met with some debate.34, 35, 36, 37
No matter which adenovirus nomenclature or classification system is agreed upon, it is clear that adenoviruses affect most organ systems. Individual adenovirus types often have different tissue tropisms that lead to specific signs and symptoms (Table 10.1 ).39, 40
